What is autism??
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or autism, is a developmental disability most commonly characterized by difficulties with social skills and verbal/nonverbal communication. Defined as a “spectrum,” autism affects individuals to varying degrees. Signs of autism are generally apparent in early childhood.
There is currently no known cause of autism. Education and early intervention are the best tools that we have in our effort to support autistic persons and their families. By recognizing the signs of autism and responding with therapy and support we can enable each child to fulfill their true potential and live happy, healthy, independent lives.
What are the early signs of autism?
Signs of autism can be spotted in infancy, as early as six months. Infants and toddlers with autism will display red flag behaviors, including avoiding eye contact or interactions with family and other children. They may not smile, babble, respond to their name or mimic social cues and expressions.
Parents should pay close attention to their child’s early communication skills and discuss any warning signs with their pediatrician.
What are the other symptoms of autism spectrum disorders?
Children with autism will display difficulties developing communication and language skills including difficulty making eye contact or holding conversations, delayed or undeveloped language skills, and underdeveloped motor skills. Children and adults may express passionate interest with very specific, narrow focus. Approximately 10% of autistic people are considered “savants”-- extraordinarily talented individuals often displaying artistic, musical or mathematical genius.
Nearly one third of people with autism are nonverbal and remain so throughout their lives. Intellectual disabilities and mental health issues may also accompany autism, including depression, anxiety and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Autistic persons may also experience gastrointestinal problems, sleep disorders and epilepsy. Seizures occur in nearly 40% of people with autism and typically present during childhood.
Many autistic people are sensitive to sensory stimuli, including light, sound, smell and touch, a disorder known as Sensory Integration Dysfunction (SID). SID can intensify stimuli well beyond what is comfortable for a child, leaving them confused, hurt or stressed.
Parents of autistic children should also watch for signs of Pica, a condition which causes the child to consume non-food items, including dirt, chalk and paint chips. For children with this condition, lead exposure is a risk that must be carefully monitored.
How many people are affected by autism?
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimated in 2016 that 1 in 68 American children was identified to have autism spectrum disorder. This rate has increased dramatically within the past several decades.
